against corruption, russia, baltic states, latvia, estonia, lithuania.

Debate - Opinion in English, Russia and Baltic States

Debate - Opinion in English
Russia and Baltic States

Tillbaka till Tonis hemsida

Mina favoritlänkar, kolla in

Debattartiklar Ryssland

TaxFree handelns vara och icke vara

Tillägnad bussbranschen av Toni Schönfelder oberoende och fri debattör

Debatt artiklar av Harald Rosén (Det gäller flyg)

Artiklar som du bara måste läsa,Vakna upp i Sverige!

Toni Schönfelder
A lifetime of innovation

Verschiedenes in Deutsch

Toni Schönfelder
A lifetime of innovation

USA: GAO AUDIT REPORT FINDS AID TO RUSSIA FAILED Western powers gave tens of billions of dollars in aid to Russia with no comprehensive strategy, and, at least partly as a result, the programs failed to bring about the desired capitalist transition there, the New York Times reports a US Congressional study has concluded. The study, by the nonpartisan General Accounting Office, raises questions about what has arguably been the highest foreign policy priority of the United States: making sure Russia did not become hostile after the collapse of Communism in 1991. Many Clinton administration officials supported a huge amount of international aid and a ´´big bang´´ approach to change in which Russia was encouraged to sell state companies rapidly and overhaul banks as a way of making the nation both capitalist and democratic¾and of ensuring that Communists could never regain control of the economy. A cumulative $66 billion in aid from the United States, Europe and the leading international lending agencies did prevent Communists from returning to power and kept the nation from descending into anarchy. But the aid programs failed to build robust capitalist institutions or produce sustained economic growth in Russia, which produces roughly one-third less now than it did a decade ago, the report says. The accounting office review said donors did not coordinate programs sufficiently and tended to distribute money hurriedly. The report notes that the Group of 7 wealthy nations tried to coordinate Western aid strategy in the early 1990´s, but adds that the collective effort soon dissolved. That left the World Bank, the IMF and individual nations to pursue aid programs largely independently, with varying aims and mixed results. Dow Jones adds that although Congress has been a vocal critic of international financial institutions, the report in a way validates the approach to Russian reform taken by the IMF and World Bank since Russia´s financial meltdown in the summer of 1998. The Bank, with its focus on poverty reduction and project-oriented structural reform, has provided the bulk of assistance since 1998. Economists at both the World Bank and the Fund have stressed the need for Russia to establish rule of law and a court system, as well as a functioning banking system and an end to barter payments. The news comes as the Financial Times reports that Russia´s general prosecutor yesterday stepped up the pressure on two of the country´s best-known and politically influential business "oligarchs" by summoning media magnate Vladimir Gusinsky and businessman Boris Berezovsky-a close associate of former President Boris Yeltsin-about alleged criminal business dealings. World Bank Development News, November 2, 2000

Advertising about Spain
All kind of information about Spain in my own web page http://www.spaininformation.org

Fair use notice

The Toni Schönfelder Newsletter and website contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorised by the copyright owner. The material is being made available for purposes of education and discussion in order to better understand the complex nature of corruption in today's world. I believe this constitutes a "fair use" of any such copyrighted material as provided for in relevant national laws.

The material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed an interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond "fair use", you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. Toni Schönfelder cannot guarantee that the information contained in the Corruption News service is complete and correct or be liable for any loss incurred as a result of its use. Nor can Toni Schönfelder be responsible for any subsequent use of the material.

Denna sida är producerad av Toni Schönfelder. Avsändaren har inget ansvar för innehållet i sidor som är länkade -- allt material som finns i egen producerade sidorna får användas fritt och utan kostnad.

Esta página ha sido realizada por el Sr. D. Toni Schönfelder.Los realizadores de la página no se hacen responsables del contenido de las páginas enlazadas a la presente. Toda la información existente en las páginas de realización propia pueden ser utilizadas libremente y sin ningún tipo de coste.

This page has been produced by Mr Toni Schönfelder. The sender does not take any responsibility for the contents of the linked pages. The whole material in the own produced page can be used free of charge.